A good preview can save you thousands. This checklist works for most construction equipment. Bring a flashlight, a rag and, if you can, a mechanic.
Before you touch anything
- Match the serial number on the machine to the catalog listing and any paperwork.
- Check the hour meter, then judge wear against it. Worn pedals, seats and pins on a low-hour machine deserve a question.
- Ask for service records. A binder of maintenance history is a very good sign.
Engine and fluids
- Look for leaks around the engine, hoses and seals.
- Check oil and coolant color and level. Milky oil or oily coolant can signal serious problems.
- If starting is allowed, watch for hard starts, heavy smoke or unusual noises.
Hydraulics
- Inspect cylinders for pitting, scoring or oil film on the rods.
- Check hoses and fittings for cracks, wet spots and rubbing.
- Feel for play in pins and bushings at every pivot point. Excess play means wear.
Undercarriage (tracked machines)
- Look at track links, rollers, idlers and sprockets for wear, flat spots and sharpening.
- Check track tension. Very loose or very tight tracks wear parts quickly.
- Undercarriage is expensive to replace, so price it into your maximum bid.
Tires and wheels (wheeled machines and trucks)
- Check tread depth, sidewall cuts and uneven wear, which can signal alignment or axle trouble.
- Look for bent rims and missing lug nuts.
Structure
- Look for cracks, welded repairs and bent steel on the frame, boom, stick and bucket or blade.
- Check cutting edges, teeth and wear plates.
Cab and electronics
- Test gauges, lights, the horn, air conditioning and the monitor if allowed.
- Ask about any warning codes. Missing guards or safety equipment should be priced in.
Paperwork
- For trucks and trailers, confirm title status and that the VIN matches.
- Read the auction terms for anything about condition, warranties and removal.
Heavy equipment sold at auction is normally sold as-is, so your inspection is your protection. See how to buy at auction for the full process.